A. Monks were known for writing literature
Even though you don't specify it, I believe you are talking about ancient Egypt, since a high percentage of the population of ancient Egypt were farmers, and when they were not farming they were doing other jobs. Specifically during the flood season they were not able to farm so it was then when they worked for the pharaoh on building projects.
Philosophers applied REASONING AND LOGIC (a) to physical and social aspects of people’s lives. People started implementing new ideas and philosophies to their lives. They were getting tired of the OPPRESSIVE (c) power of the monarchy. They wanted to experience a change in the way they were treated. So people started demanding RIGHTS (a).