Both, nationalism and Islamism, were ways that were used by the authorities of the newly formed countries for unification and strengthening the position of the nation, and the politicians as well.
Nationalism was based on ethnic level, and it was a way of creating despise, revolt, anger, towards the other nations. It was used as a unification method and for creating a nationalist core, and in this way the authorities were able to create a large mass of people that were willing to fight for their own nation, and had a deep hatred towards the other nations.
Islamism was based on religious level, and it was promoting unification on religious basis, but was also creating lots of hatred and aggression towards other religions. In this way, the authorities were trying to create a strong religious core in the country, but also brotherly alliances with the countries that practice the same religion.
Both, nationalism and Islamism were terrible towards the minorities, and the nationalist were killing and committing genocides on ethnic level, while the Islamist were doing the same but on religious level.
As president it is compulsory to give the State of the Union address regularly. This is stipulated in Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically "give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient."
The black death because of how many people were dying and the lack of spare man power
The first one is the Office of Science and Technology Policy, 2006 whose goal is to strengthening research investments, open educational opportunities in science and technology areas and to support greater infrastructure for innovation management. Second would be the America COMPETES Act which Expands research and development in agencies involved in physical sciences and expands opportunities for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The third one on the list will be the Technology Administration Act.
A short-term job or work project that can be paid or unpaid, that can most likely lead to a full-time paying position is called an internship! Internships are great to gain experience in a field you might be interested in working in!