Answer:
Machiavelli uses deductive reasoning by first introducing the conclusion that new rulers must be cruel and then supporting it with evidence.
Explanation:
While <em>inductive</em> <em>reasoning</em> provides the evidence for the sake of the conclusion, deductive reasoning jumps straight to the conclusion in order to later on supply us with the corresponding evidence.
In the chapter XVII of Machiavelli's <em>The Prince</em>, the author develops a premises on how a new ruler must be cruel. He gives us the conclusion leaving us in anticipation of the argumentation.
Deductive reasoning is a <em>very successful form of persuasion</em>. Once we are given the conclusion, we await for the arguments and interpret them in order to corroborate and affirm the first statement.
This way by using deductive reasoning, Machiavelli makes his readers his accomplices in proving his point.
A metaphor is a comparison between two things without using the words "like" or "as" (which would make it a simile). In this paragraph, the cyclops is compared to a large mountain. The effect of the metaphor is thus 1) to make a comparison and 2) to give the reader a visual image of the cyclops as a huge entity.
I believe the correct translation is: In the battle of Zama,
Hannibal was overcome by Roman armies and second Punic war was finished at last.
This sentence is refers to the historic Battle of Zama
(Tunis) at the end of the Punic war, the war between Carthage and Roman Empire.
Because the war was against Carthage to this war is also referred to
Carthaginian war or Hannibalic war as the army of Carthage was led by Hannibal,
so you may put that in your translation if you will. Also, words such as army and
overcame may be exchanged for troop or overwhelm. This sentence is whole
written in passive voice of perfect indicative.
