Answer:
I believe what's at the bottom is correct. If that's your answer, then use that.
Explanation:
You could add the suffix D. -er to the verb hate in order to convert it into a noun. When you do that, you get the word hater, which is a noun denoting a person who hates. Technically, C is also correct, because you get a noun hating, which is the act of hating - but if you have to choose just one, I'd go with D. When you add -d you get an adjective hated, and when you add -s, you get a verb hates.
Answer:
In these city states as time passed we progressed in so many things, technology, social media, environment , and all surroundings.
The value in Russian culture the author, Nikolai Gogol, wants to represent is the importance of olfactory perception. It is in the tradition of Russians to have a rich olfactory values. During this period, vision-oriented sensory paradigm is making waves and belittling olfactory-oriented sensory.