Answer:
Thylakoid space to the stroma
Explanation:
Electron transport chain occurs in both the mitochondria and the chloroplast which is involved in the process of ATP formation in the cell. The enzyme which catalyzes the reaction of the ATP formation is ATP synthase. The ATP synthase is composed of two subunits the CF₀ and CF₁.
The CF₁ is involved in the conversion of ADP to ATP due to the rotation of the rotor in the CF₁ unit which derives its energy from the flow of protons.
In chloroplast during the electron transport chain, the proton gets accumulated in the thylakoid lumen. These accumulated protons flow back from the thylakoid lumen towards the stroma of the chloroplast through CF₀ subunit of ATP synthase.
Thus, the selected option is correct.
I really don't know how to help you here, bud.
Answer:
I would write "terrestrial/lives on land during all life stages" between the frog and pigeon branches.
Explanation:
Jaw evolution has started with fish, so i'd place that before the perch, evolution of four limbs is next and I would plate it between the perch and the frog. Evolution of an egg has ensured that organisms remain terrestrial during all stages of life and don't need to rely on water to lay their eggs. So I would place that between the frog and the pigeon. True mammary glands and true hair, as we know it formed on mammals so i'd place that between the pigeon and the rats (although synapsids evolved similar structures long before birds even existed). And lastly, I would place "walking on two legs" between rats and human branches. Because our ancestors evolved bipedalism relatively late.