Answer:
The stages of human life can be written as:
- Infancy: It is the time period between birth and the age of one year.
- Toddlers: It represents the child between 1 to 3 years of age.
- Childhood: Children between the age group of 4 to 8 years old are referred to being in childhood.
- Puberty: It is the time period in which children mature sexually. It represents the children which are 9 to 13 years old.
- Adolescents: These are also termed as teens as the age bracket is thirteen to eighteen years old.
- Adulthood: The age range from 19 to 50 years.
- Old age: It represents the people which are 51 plus in age.
Answer:
a. DNA polymerase proofreading: consequence of its absence is the DNA mutation
b. Mismatch repair enzymes
: consequence of its absence impedes homologous recombination resulting in the final mutation
c. Nucleotide excision repair enzymes
: the absence of nucleotide cleavage repair enzymes would impede the functioning of damaged DNA repair mechanisms
Explanation:
a. DNA polymerases are the enzymes that form the DNA in cells. During DNA replication (copying), most DNA polymerases can "check their work" with each base they add. This process is called review. If the polymerase detects that you have added a wrong nucleotide (incorrectly paired), remove it and replace it immediately, before continuing with DNA synthesis
b. In homologous recombination, the information from the homologous chromosome that matches that of the damaged one (or from a sister chromatid if the DNA has been copied) is used to repair the fragmentation. In this process the two homologous chromosomes are approached and the undamaged region of the homologue or the chromatide is used as a template to replace the damaged region of the broken chromosome. Homologous recombination is "cleaner" than the union of non-homologous ends and does not usually cause 11 mutations
c. Excision repair: damage to one or a few DNA bases is usually fixed by removing (excising) and replacing the damaged region. In repair by base cleavage, only the damaged base is removed. In nucleotide excision repair, as in the mating repair we saw earlier, a nucleotide section is removed
Inserting foreign genes into fertilized goats eggs
Answer:
G1 - S - G2 (may be is option D)
Explanation:
The interface begins with phase G1 where the cell increases its volume and the mass is doubled.
Then, we continue with the S phase where DNA and histones are synthesized.
Afterwardsy we reach the G2 phase where the chromosomes are duplicated.
Finally we reach, the begining of mitosis.
