The apparent brightness is defined by how much light we get pretty much. The formula is:

This takes into account that the light is spreading out to a sphere that has the surface given by 4πd^2.
We have that d=20 ly and 1 ly is 9.46*10^12 km or 9.46*10^15m.
Hence, d=20*9.46*10^15=189.2 *10^15 m
Now, we can substitute the d value and calculate that L=<span>8.45184*

W/m^2</span>
Answer:
When the entire lake reaches 40 F, the surface water cools further, dropping below 40 F. Because this water is now less dense than the surrounding water, it will stay on the top and continue to cool. Once the surface water falls to 32 F, it freezes. The freezing then spreads downward into the lake and the ice thickens
Explanation:
Cartographers can represent the spherical Earth on flat paper by making a projection which is like casting shadows from the spherical world onto a flat piece
of paper
<u>Explanation</u>:
Cartographers otherwise known as map makers who combine nature and science through an acquired skill called cartography, it could serve as an efficient form of communicative technique for acquiring information through the procession of data.
Cartographers use PROJECTION to represent the spherical earth on a flat paper, through this scientific method, one could say that this structure reshapes reality in the human eye. There are steps or ways in which one can achieve a representation of the spherical earth on flat paper but it can only be foreseen by the complementarity of PROJECTION.
Hi,
I can help you with that.
Earth is a sphere. The reason the earth is a sphere is because a long time ago a big rock called earth was created, later when atmosphere was forming the earth's centrifugal force aka rotation shaped earth into a sphere by burning down high peaks and bumps.
Hope this helps.
r3t40