<span>An interfacial energy is associated with the grain boundaries called as the grain boundary energy.
When a proeutectoid phase is formed along the already existing grain boundaries, there is an increase in the lower net interfacial energy, as when compared to the energy when the proeutectoid phase is formed within the interior of the grains.
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The answer is The ions are protected inside the lipid bilayer so that it is not pushed back to a more polar environment.
The lipid bilayer is mainly composed of lipids (phospholipids and cholesterol), and is also composed of proteins such as transporters.
The ions (which are polar) can not cross directly through the lipids because they will repel them due to their apolarity. On the other hand they can easily pass through protein channels that will protect them during their passage (the proteins are more polar than lipids).
It helps them stay safe from predators
<span>When a farmer stops cultivating farmland and abandons
it, the growth of wild grasses and weeds can be considered secondary succession
because of the presence of the existing soil. Secondary succession occurs in ecosystem
when soil have been disturbed or disrupted by humans such in a way of farming. Furthermore, the reason why it cannot be
categorize as primary succession because primary succession only occurs in
essentially lifeless areas, where soil is not capable of sustaining life. Specifically,
this is called old-field succession where wild grasses and weeds represents a new
plant species to colonize a bare soil after the farmer abandon the farmland.</span>
