The effect of a neurotransmitter is based on the properties of the receptor more than the neurotransmitter.
Answer:
- Calcium binds to troponin C
- Troponin T moves tropomyosin and unblocks the binding sites
- Myosin heads join to the actin forming cross-bridges
- ATP turns into ADP and inorganic phosphate and releases energy
- The energy is used to impulse myofilaments slide producing a power stroke
- ADP is released and a new ATP joins the myosin heads and breaks the bindings to the actin filament
- ATP splits into ADP and phosphate, and the energy produced is accumulated in the myosin heads, starting a new cycle
- Z-bands are pulled toward each other, shortening the sarcomere and the I-band, producing muscle fiber contraction.
Explanation:
In rest, the tropomyosin inhibits the attraction strengths between myosin and actin filaments. Contraction initiates when an action potential depolarizes the inner portion of the muscle fiber. Calcium channels activate in the T tubules membrane, releasing <u>calcium into the sarcolemma.</u> At this point, tropomyosin is obstructing binding sites for myosin on the thin filament. When calcium binds to troponin C, troponin T alters the tropomyosin position by moving it and unblocking the binding sites. Myosin heads join to the uncovered actin-binding points forming cross-bridges, and while doing so, ATP turns into ADP and inorganic phosphate, which is released. Myofilaments slide impulsed by chemical energy collected in myosin heads, producing a power stroke. The power stroke initiates when the myosin cross-bridge binds to actin. As they slide, ADP molecules are released. A new ATP links to myosin heads and breaks the bindings to the actin filament. Then ATP splits into ADP and phosphate, and the energy produced is accumulated in the myosin heads, which starts a new binding cycle to actin. Finally, Z-bands are pulled toward each other, shortening the sarcomere and the I-band, producing muscle fiber contraction.
The knowledge gained will lead to further experimentation that could potentially result in a new use for the drug.
Answer:
a. Anabolic pathways build molecules, require energy, and are endergonic.
Explanation:
<em>Anabolic pathway </em>describes the metabolic reactions that<em> </em><em>build up</em><em> complex molecules from simpler ones</em>, typically via condensation (monomers covalently joined producing water as a by-product).<em> It </em><em>requires energy </em><em>to construct new bonds, this means is </em><em>endergonic</em><em>.</em>
The catabolic pathway, on the other hand, describes metabolic reactions that<em> </em><em>break complex molecules down </em><em>into simple ones</em>, typically via hydrolysis (consumption of water to break bonds within the polymer). <em>It </em><em>releases energy </em><em>when these bonds are broken, this means it is </em><em>exergonic</em><em>.</em>
Considering this information we can conclude that the correct answer is a. Anabolic pathways build molecules, require energy, and are endergonic.
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