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Answer:
<u>The total time elapsed from the time a bit is created (from the original analog signal at Host A) until the bit is decoded (as part of the analog signal at Host B is </u><u>25.11 ms</u>
Explanation:
Host A first converts the analog signal to a digital 64kbps stream and then groups it into 56-byte packets. The time taken for this can be calculated as:
time taken 1= 
= (56 x 8) bits / 64 x 10³ bits/s
= 7 x 10⁻³s
time taken 1= 7 ms
The transmission rate of the packet from Host A to Host B is 4 Mbps. The time taken to transfer the packets can be calculated as:
time taken 2= (56 x 8) bits / 4 x 10⁶ bits/s
= 1.12 x 10⁻⁴ s
time taken 2= 112 μs
The propagation delay is 18 ms.
To calculate the total time elapsed, we need to add up all the time taken at each individual stage.
<u />
<u> = Time taken 1 + Time taken 2 + Propagation Delay</u>
= 7 ms + 112 μs + 18 ms
= 0.025112 s
= 25.11 ms
Answer:
(a)Applications Time Stamp Events
(b)S=0.5(W-
)+
, where
≤W≤
+8.
Explanation:
Some applications assume that clocks always advance, so they could timestamp events under this assumption.
In our case we have the wrong timed clock, say W and the hardware clock H which is supposed to advance at a perfect rate.
We proceed to construct a software clock such that after 8 seconds we can replace the wrong timed clock with the software clock in good conditions.
Let us denote the software clock with S.
Then, S=c(W-
)+
where:
=The current Time(10:27:54) and;
c is to be found.
We already know that S=
+4 when W=
+8,
So:
S=c(W-
)+
+4=c(
+8-
)+
4=8c
c=0.5
We obtain the formula
S=0.5(W-
)+
, where
≤W≤
+8.
Answer:
Rainbow table attack
Explanation:
A rainbow table attack is a type of network attack or hacking where the hacker tries to utilize a rainbow hash table to crack the passwords in a database system. A rainbow table itself is a hash function used in cryptography for saving important data in a database. Especially passwords.
In this process, sensitive data are hashed two or multiple times with the same key or with different keys so as to avoid rainbow table attack. In a rainbow table attack, the hacker simply compares the hash of the original password against hashes stored in the rainbow table and when they find a match, they then identify the password used to create the hash.
Answer: Time slicing
Explanation:
Time slicing is one of the technique that basically implement the multitasking in the operating system. It basically generate the interrupt and at the each clock of the interrupt in the operating system basically regain control and then assign that particular system or processor to the another user.
Time slice are typically work in milliseconds. By using the multi users system, the time slice is the total amount of the processing time for the each user get assigned.