Due to many foreigners the Chinese had developed a better sense of Nationalism, so the answer is B.
Monarchs believed their authority was based on divine right and nothing on Earth could be above that belief. God expressed his will through the human form of the monarch.
The correct answer option is (C).
The period referred to here is called the enlightenment age
It saw the rise of scholars with enlightenment thoughts such as Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau, and Voltaire, who criticized the establishment concept of government which was autocratic,and absolute. The monarchs claimed a divine essence. The enlightenment scholars placed liberties and freedoms in the core of their thoughts and led to the rise of the concept of government by consent which lay the foundation for modern day democracy.
In my opinion, it has made a very “us versus them” look on both sides of the spectrum.
