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The <span>principal ways in which a load may be applied to a specimen are:
1. Tension
2. Compression
3. Shear
</span>
The force
that pulls material apart is tension and the one that squashes
material together is compression and shear is the action of the force in
trying to cut through the material.
<span> </span>
<span>
</span>
Processes operating in the Earth system take place on spatial scales varying from fractions of millimeters to thousands of kilometers, and on time scales that range from milliseconds to billions of years.
<span>Examples of instantaneous - breathing; rotation of the Earth; earthquake<span>Examples of long term - making coal; plate tectonics</span></span>
Im 90% sure the answer is b) chemoreceptors
Zambian lions are split into two subpopulations, with one in the Greater Kafue Ecosystem in the west and the other in the Luangwa Valley Ecosystem in the east. Between these two geographically different regions lies Lusaka, Zambia's largest city, which is surrounded by farmland. males travel long distances to find new prides, while females remain in or close to the pride they were born in. So, for the lion, it's primarily males that are responsible for the movement of genes between prides. This male-mediated gene flow explains the lack of gene flow seen in mitochondrial genes compared to that of nuclear genes—female lions aren't making the journey, but they do mate with new males who come from far away.
Tried sorry