Beneficial mutations are more frequently fixed in large populations than in small ones, whereas deleterious mutations are more frequently eliminated.
Explanation:
Answer:
B. In the real world, random and unpredictable events occur, so the Lotka-Volterra parameters vary over time
Explanation:
Lotka-Volterra equations are mathematical models that explain biological prey-predator interactions among two species, considering the following assumptions,
-
The ecosystem is isolated and closed. There is no migration.
- The whole individuals are reproductively equivalent.
- In the absence of the predator, prey shows an exponential growth rate. The prey is in the ideal environment.
- In the absence of the prey, the predator population decreases exponentially. The predator environment is also ideal, but it is limited by the prey density.
- The predation rate is proportional to the encounters rate, which also depends on density.
- The predators affect the prey populations, making it decrease proportionally to the number of prey and predators present.
- The prey population also influence the predator population, proportionally to the number of encounters between the two species.
In these equations, the variable D is the number of predators, and P the number of preys.
The parameters are always constant:
- a1: predator hunting success.
- r2: predator growth rate.
- a2: the success of the predator in hunting and feeding.
In nature, there are many factors affecting interactions. Dense-dependent factors and dense-independent factors. Also in reality there are stochastic factors. <em>Stochasticity refers to the variability in the system involving those factors that are affecting or influencing the population growth. Stochasticity might be related to good years and bad years for population growth.</em>
In a real situation, the compliance of the whole assumptions does not occur. The previously mentioned constants might vary, changing continuously the interaction among the predator and the prey. These parameters change in different degrees, resulting in different circumstances for both species.
No, cells are very complex. They are composed of highly specialized organelles that each have different functions.
<h2><u>Full Question:</u></h2>
Which statement correctly compares and contrasts the three stages of cellular respiration that occur in the presence of oxygen? Each stage occurs in the mitochondria, but only the final stage produces ATP. Each stage produces ATP, but only the third stage occurs in the mitochondria. Each stage produces ATP, but only the first stage occurs in the cytoplasm. Each stage occurs in the cytoplasm, but only the final stage produces ATP.
<h2><u>
Answer</u>:</h2>
Each stage produces ATP, but only the first stage occurs in the cytoplasm.
<h3><u>Explanation</u>:</h3>
Cellular respiration is the process by which the glucose or any respiratory substrate is burned down inside a cell producing ATP or energy. This process of cellular respiration is seen in each and every living cell. The glucose is burned in the cytoplasm of the cell producing the pyruvate. This pyruvate is decarboxylated into Acetyl CoA and transferred inside the mitochondria. So the glycolysis or the 1st step of cellular respiration occurs in cytoplasm and rest inside the mitochondria.
ATP is produced from each astep of cellular respiration. So the correct option is option C.
Answer:
75%
Explanation:
3 100% boys, next a girl is 75%
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