I can give you one:
One of the theories (in which i mostly believe in) is the one when every period of time, the climate changes. Now, we are in the warmth period, but after this period, there will be a cooler climate, and keeps repeating every while (think about the ice age)
The statement is - a. True.
Throughout the human history, before the modern age, people were not able to pass great distances or pass certain natural obstacles. This meant that different groups of people that were separated by some big natural barrier where not able to communicate between each other, or the communication was very rare and limited. That resulted in the formation of different cultures, unique, evolved totally independently from one another. There's multiple examples of this, like the Arabian culture which was isolated because of the vast deserts, the Aboriginal culture in Australia which was isolated because of the large water bodies, the Eskimos in North America that were isolated because of the harsh Arctic conditions etc.
A. The spelling of the two words might be similar and some sounds might be the same.
Although it is possible for words in two different languages to have the same spelling and/or pronunciation, it is much more likely that they would be similar. Since, the languages are derived from the same root and belong to the same family, it would make sense that the words would be similar, if not exactly the same.
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