Question

1. Match each fallacy with its definition in the chart below. ___. Also known as circular reasoning because the reasoning assumes the conclusion is true. ___. Sometimes occurs due to “peer pressure” or groupthink phenomenon when you may be influenced to conform to the opinion of the group. ___. A causal situation where we are unsure of the actual root cause of the issue. It’s possible to ignore a possible cause or to incorrectly assume a common cause. ___. This argument states that the action (or conclusion) is a justified response to another wrong action (or conclusion). ___. This occurs when there is no real evidence for the argument. Superstitions are a good example of this. ___. The “either/or” fallacy – the argument presents only two extreme alternatives and does not allow for alternative options. ___. Indicates that one negative action will lead to another, and then another worse one, and so on and so forth all leading to a terrible end result

Answer 1

1. Circulus in demonstrando: Also known as circular reasoning because the reasoning assumes the conclusion is true.

2. Argumentum ad populum: Sometimes occurs due to “peer pressure” or groupthink phenomenon when you may be influenced to conform to the opinion of the group.

3.  Single cause/complex cause: a causal situation where we are unsure of the actual root cause of the issue. It’s possible to ignore a possible cause or to incorrectly assume a common cause.

4. Red herring: this argument states that the action (or conclusion) is a justified response to another wrong action (or conclusion)

5. Argument from ignorance: this occurs when there is no real evidence for the argument. Superstitions are a good example of this.  

6. False dilemma: the “either/or” fallacy – the argument presents only two extreme alternatives and does not allow for alternative options.

7. Association fallacy: indicates that one negative action will lead to another, and then another worse one, and so on and so forth all leading to a terrible end result