English can be relating to England and their people and way of life. Or, it can be the language. Fun fact: it is the West Germanic language of England.
I hope this helps! :)
It challenged the power of judicial review but was unsuccessful. It was an example of the Supreme Court ruling a law unconstitutional. It challenged the power of judicial review and caused it to be revoked. It was an example of Congress amending the Constitution.
The full sentence is as follows:
To force a bill out of committee, A DISCHARGE petition must be signed by a majority of the representatives.
A discharge petition refers to a petition that is used in the house of representative to force a bill out of the committee unto the floor of the house for a vote. For the petition to be successful, 218 members of the house have to vote in its favor.
Most people converted to Islam because it was a very tolerant religion and it appealed to many. However, since the question is asking what "burden" was an influence, the only one I can think of would have to be the jizya. The jizya was a special tax that non-Muslims had to pay to live under Muslim protection in Muslim lands; if they convert to Islam they wouldn't have to pay it.