Hydrothermal Vents occur along divergent plate boundaries on the ocean floor. Hydrothermal vent systems give off plumes of hot, mineral-laden water with temperatures as high as 350 degrees Celcius. The water is ejected through a spout known as black smokers. Metal-rich minerals precipitate out of the circling sea water and forms ores of copper, zinc and iron.
From 1922-1991, Russia would have been considered a autocratic state.
