Answer:
The program to this question can be given as:
Program:
def swap_values(user_val1, user_val2): #define function
return (user_val2, user_val1) #return values
if __name__ == '__main__': #define constructor.
n1 = int(input('Enter first number :')) #input value form user
n2 = int(input('Enter second number :')) #input value form user
(n1,n2) = swap_values(n1,n2) #hold function values.
print(n1) #print values
print(n2) #print values
Output:
Enter first number :3
Enter second number :8
8
3
Explanation:
The explanation of the above python program can be given as:
- In the python program we define a function that is "swap_values". This function takes two integer values that is "user_val1 and user_val2" as a parameters and returns variable values that is "user_val2 and user_val1".
- Then we use a constructor in this we define two variable that is "n1 and n2" these variable are use to take user-input from the user and pass the value into the function.
- To hold the value of the function we use n1 and n2 variable and print these variable value.
Answer:
The answer is "Fire-fighting measures".
Explanation:
This section is used to includes instructions to combat a chemicals flame. It is also known as the identify sources, which include the instructions for effective detonating devices and details for removing devices only appropriate for just a specific situation. It is the initiatives list, that is necessary destruction technology, materials; flaming inferno dangers.
<u>Paired programming:</u>
Paired programming is a new technique where one person gets one another to<em> write the code</em>. Here one will write the code and other will start verifying as the type.
So we might think it is waste to employ two person for same task but it is not so. There are many <em>benefits in incorporating this technique</em>. Let us see those benefits one by one.
- <em>Inter-personal skill gets improved
</em>
- <em>Lower amount of coding mistake
</em>
- <em>Learn from each other
</em>
- <em>Peer review enhance collaboration
</em>
Challenges expect to arise during pair-programming
-
Two heads are superior to one. On the off chance that the driver experiences a <em>hitch with the code</em>, there will be two of them who'll take care of the issue.
- Builds up your <em>staff's relational aptitudes</em>. Working together on a solitary venture encourages your group to welcome the estimation of <em>correspondence and collaboration. </em>
Overcome Method
The most ideal approach to move <em>toward blending</em> is to accomplice two software engineers and have them share a PC. The pair ought to have the option to choose how to part the work, and it is prudent that they should <em>switch jobs frequently.</em>
ICMPv6 is used by IPv6 nodes to report errors encountered in processing packets, and to perform other internet-layer functions, such as diagnostics. An Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) flood attack, also known as a Ping flood attack, is a common Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack in which an attacker attempts to overwhelm a targeted device with ICMP echo-requests.
Explanation:
Issues that are of concern which could be a problem include :
Denial-of-Service Attacks
- ICMPv6 can be used to cause a denial of service (DoS) in a number of ways, including simply sending excessive numbers of ICMPv6 packets to destinations in the site and sending error messages that disrupt established communications by causing sessions to be dropped.
Probing
- A major security consideration is preventing attackers from probing the site to determine the topology and identify hosts that might be vulnerable to attack. Carefully crafted but, often, malformed messages can be used to provoke ICMPv6 responses from hosts thereby informing attackers of potential targets for future attacks. However, the very large address space of IPv6 makes probing a less effective weapon as compared with IPv4 . Redirection Attacks
Redirection Attacks
-
A redirection attack could be used by a malicious sender to perform man-in-the-middle attacks or divert packets either to a malicious monitor or to cause DoS by blackholing the packets. These attacks would normally have to be carried out locally on a link using the Redirect message. Administrators need to decide if the improvement in efficiency from using Redirect messages is worth the risk of malicious use. Factors to consider include the physical security of the link and the complexity of addressing on the link
Renumbering Attacks
-
Spurious Renumbering messages can lead to the disruption of a site. Although Renumbering messages are required to be authenticated with IPsec, so that it is difficult to carry out such attacks in practice, they should not be allowed through a site boundary firewall. On the other hand, a site may employ multiple "layers" of firewalls.
Problems Resulting from ICMPv6 Transparency
-
Because some ICMPv6 error packets need to be passed through a firewall in both directions, malicious users can potentially use these messages to communicate between inside and outside, bypassing administrative inspection.
Packet types or specific circumstances in which ICMPv6 traffic could compromise network security :
Ping sweep — A type of attack that uses ICMP echo request messages to enumerate live hosts on a network.
Ping flood — Utilized to launch a denial of service attack (DoS), where the attacker sends ICMP requests in a rapid succession without waiting for the targeted system to respond.
ICMP tunneling — A method used to establish a covert communication channel between remote systems, most times between a client and a proxy. All communications are sent via ICMP requests and replies
Forged ICMP redirects — The attacker would send a ICMP redirect message, which informs a host of a direct path to a destination, to the victim that contains the IP addresses of the attacker’s system. This allows an attacker to compromise network traffic via a man-in-the-middle attack or cause a DoS.
