Answer:
a) The response indicates that a pH below or above this range will most likely cause enolase to denature/change its shape and be less efficient or unable to catalyze the reaction.
b)The response indicates that the appropriate negative control is to measure the reaction rate (at the varying substrate concentrations) without any enzyme present.
c)The response indicated that the enolase has a more stable/functional/correct/normal protein structure at the higher temperature of 55°C than at 37°C because the enzyme is from an organism that is adapted to growth at 55°C.
Explanation:
Enolase catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate during both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.In bacteria, enolases are highly conserved enzymes and commonly exist as homodimers.
The temperature optimum for enolase catalysis was 80°C, close to the measured thermal stability of the protein which was determined to be 75°C, while the pH optimum for enzyme activity was 6.5. The specific activities of purified enolase determined at 25 and 80°C were 147 and 300 U mg−1 of protein, respectively. Km values for the 2-phosphoglycerate/phosphoenolpyruvate reaction determined at 25 and 80°C were 0.16 and 0.03 mM, respectively. The Km values for Mg2+ binding at these temperatures were 2.5 and 1.9 mM, respectively.
Enolase-1 from Chloroflexus aurantiacus (EnoCa), a thermophilic green non-sulfur bacterium that grows photosynthetically under anaerobic conditions. The biochemical and structural properties of enolase from C. aurantiacus are consistent with this being thermally adapted.
The best approach for Tyler is a controlled experiment if he wants to directly observe the outcome.
A controlled experiment is designed to minimize the effects of the variables other than the independent variable. A controlled experiment allows reliable results because he can do the experiment specific to the problem and variables involved.
Answer:
Convergent Evolution
Explanation:
Convergent evolution occurs when two unrelated species that have no common ancestor evolve independently in order to adapt to a similar environmental constraints to ensure survival.
An example of convergent evolution can be seen in birds, bats, flight/wing insects. They all do not share a common ancestor, but have evolved, separately, a similar structure for flight.
Another example can be seen in dolphins and sharks. These two different species share similar physical characteristics that make them adapt well in marine habitat that helps them to predate
.
If the fertilizer is placed around the root of a tomato plant, the leaves of the plant will shrivel and turn brown. This phenomenon in terms of tonicity is that;
- inside the root cell is hypotonic since it contain more water than surrounding .
- In the other hand the cell is hypertonic since it contain more solute from fertilizer.
- Through osmosis water move out of the cell therefore the it turns to brown.
The correct answer is to "dilute with milk and water". The patient should not be induced to vomit to prevent aspiration as this can lead to another condition which is aspiration pneumonia. The patient should be given either a glass of milk or a glass of water for ingestion of petroleum jelly.
