Innate: keratinized epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium hypodermal areolar connective tissue antigen presenting cells major histocompatibility complexes complement (antibody -dependent pathway )
Innate or non-specific response is the first defense against invaders. Components of this response include physical (e.g. skin . mucosa) and chemical barriers against pathogens and cells such as Natural Killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils. Innate response reacts immediately.
Adaptive: immunoglobulin plasma cells agglutinin
helper t cells memory t cells cytotoxic t cells cd4+cells
t lymphocytes
Adaptive immune response or specific response is specific to the pathogen presented and mediated by lymphocytes, B and T cells. Adaptive immune response creates immunological memory after the first, initial l response to a specific pathogen which leads to enhanced response.
Answer:
The trait is Y-linked
Explanation:
The only plausible explanation behind the inheritance pattern shown by the porcupine trait is that it is <u>Y-linked</u>.
<em><u>Y-linked traits are limited to the Y chromosome only</u></em><em>, a sex chromosome that is peculiar to only the male gender. Chromosomally, females are XX while males are XY. Hence, only the male gender has the genetic capacity to inherit the porcupine trait. This is why only the sons of Edward Lambert, and never the daughters, exhibited the trait. </em>
I) Locus- the chromosomal site where a specific gene is located. A locus is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker. Each chromosome carries ,many genes; human's estimated haploid (n) protein coding genes are about 20,000, on the 23 different chromosomes.
ii) Interference; the observed double crossover frequency differs from the expected double crossover frequency. Cross over interference is used to refer to the non-random placement of crossovers with respect to each other during meiosis. It results in widely spaced crossovers along chromosomes. Interference may exert its effect across whole chromosomes. As chromosomes in many eukaryotes are large, interference must be able to act over megabase lengths of DNA.
iii) Linkage- the tendency for genes located in close proximity on the same chromosome to be inherited together. Normally when two genes are close together on the same chromosome, they do not assort independently and are said to be linked. Whereas genes located on different chromosomes assort independently and have a recombination frequency of 50%, linked genes have a recombination frequency that is less than 50%.
iv) Recombination- the process by which a new pattern of alleles on a chromosome is generated. Genetic recombination is the production of offspring with combinations f traits that differ from those found in either parent. During meiosis in eukaryotes, genetic recombination involves the pairing of homologous chromosomes. This may be followed by information transfer between the chromosomes.
A silent mutation. This is when the new codon will work just as well as the old one without changing the amino acid shape.
The answer is R. The structure of singulair (montelukast), a medication used to manage asthma, the absolute absolute configuration of the chirality center is r and not s. Montelukast is aeukotriene receptor antagonist used to relieve symptoms of seasonal allergies.and used <span>for the maintenance treatment of asthma.</span>
