Chalmers believed that Paine's arguments are pure fantasy that would be harmful to the colonies, as to him independence is a ridiculous idea. It would open them up to the French and the Spaniards and lose the them the most valuable trading partner which was at the time England.
im not sure what excerpt you are referring to but please explain further and ill be happy to help:)
The correct answer is "The image aids readers' understanding of key concepts". A nautical chronometer made by Thomas Earnshaw is now in the British Museum. It was used in the ship that carried Charles Darwin on his voyage around the world as part of the equipment of HMS Beagle. It was not the first chronometers, but it was the first lower-cost chronometers. It was brass and it was around the size of a large pocket watch.
The right answer would be B)Logical evidence showing that sugar farming was changing because of laws and low prices. I just read the passage and knew it was right. :) Hoped this helped