Answer: Xiao can use these structures to create a similarity matrix that enables to differentiate between synapomorphies and homoplasies .
Explanation: A synapomorphy is a trait that has been inherited from the same ancestor, this trait enables to establish a relation of homology between two or more species; while a homoplasy is an analog structure that doesn't have homology.
Answer:
The original water sample contains 830,000 cells per milliliter.
Explanation:
A sample of well water is tested for its bacterial content in a plate count assay. A one-milliliter sample of the water is diluted in a 1:10 dilution series. One milliliter of the fourth dilution tube is plated in a pour plate. After incubation, the plate has 83 colonies, indicating that the original water sample contained 830,000 cells per milliliter.
Answer:
The correct answer will be option- adhere to cell surfaces.
Explanation:
The bacterial fimbriae are the cellular appendages which help the bacteria to attach to a substratum. This attachment property of the fimbriae is due to the presence of a protein called adhesins.
The fimbriae are also known as the attachment pilus of the bacteria which are thinner than a flagellum. The bacteria posses many fimbriae to adhere to the surface like to receptors, another bacteria or any other substratum.
Thus, option- adhere to cell surfaces is the correct answer.
Answer:
(B) Energy transfer between trophic levels is almost always less than 20% efficient.
Explanation:
The ultimate source of energy on the Earth is the Sun. The energy coming from the Sun is captured by green plants by the photosynthesis. During photosynthesis sun energy is fixed into chemical energy (carbohydrate). So, in an ecosystem energy flow is unidirectional (from sun to the green plants). The fixed chemical energy from green plants is transferred to the herbivores then to carnivores through food. When one organism eats another organisms, only 10 % of the energy present in the organism is transferred as a food for the next organism and a large amount of energy is lost as heat into the environment. Thus, energy keeps on decreasing when stored energy moves from producers to top consumers. Thus, less than 20% energy transfer limits the trophic levels in most of the ecosystem.
