Although the building was to undergo a number of changes, it remained largely intact until the seventeenth century. The early Christians turned the temple into a church, adding an apse at the east end. It was probably at this time that the sculptures representing the birth of Athena were removed from the centre of the east pediment and many of the metopes were defaced. The Parthenon served as a church until Athens was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in the fifteenth century, when it became a mosque. In 1687, during the Venetian siege of the Acropolis, the defending Turks were using the Parthenon as a store for gunpowder, which was ignited by the Venetian bombardment. The explosion blew out the heart of the building, destroying the roof and parts of the walls and the colonnade.
The Venetians succeeded in capturing the Acropolis, but held it for less than a year. Further damage was done in an attempt to remove sculptures from the west pediment, when the lifting tackle broke and the sculptures fell and were smashed. Many of the sculptures that were destroyed in 1687, are now known only from drawings made in 1674, by an artist probably to be identified as Jacques Carrey.
Explanation:
<u>Answer:</u>
Although most Americans initially reject modernism, through early adopters, such as Lester Beall and through modern typography, modern editorial design and especially <u>figurative typography</u>, modernism gains acceptance and eventually dominance.
<u>Explanation:</u>
European design was rather abstract and systematic, with American design being functional, practical and less organized in its approach to area organization.Figurative typography, a playful path developed by graphic designers in New York during the 1950s and 60s.
The early typography was a response to the assumed decadence of late 19th century typography and design.It is primarily concerned with the works of the typographers Jan Tschichold and Bauhaus. New Typography regularly uses space in asymmetrical style to create realistic cycles. The page is connected by an underlying map.
