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This may help you on your en devours. This question truly doesn't make any sense to me... <span />
The apparent brightness is defined by how much light we get pretty much. The formula is:

This takes into account that the light is spreading out to a sphere that has the surface given by 4πd^2.
We have that d=20 ly and 1 ly is 9.46*10^12 km or 9.46*10^15m.
Hence, d=20*9.46*10^15=189.2 *10^15 m
Now, we can substitute the d value and calculate that L=<span>8.45184*

W/m^2</span>
Cartographers can represent the spherical Earth on flat paper by making a projection which is like casting shadows from the spherical world onto a flat piece
of paper
<u>Explanation</u>:
Cartographers otherwise known as map makers who combine nature and science through an acquired skill called cartography, it could serve as an efficient form of communicative technique for acquiring information through the procession of data.
Cartographers use PROJECTION to represent the spherical earth on a flat paper, through this scientific method, one could say that this structure reshapes reality in the human eye. There are steps or ways in which one can achieve a representation of the spherical earth on flat paper but it can only be foreseen by the complementarity of PROJECTION.
The statement which is given above is true.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Acid deposition or acid rain is any form of precipitation that falls from the atmosphere in the form of rain. Acid rain falls on the ground in dry or wet forms. Acid rain falls in the form of sulphuric acid or nitric acid.
This type of rain results in the deposition of acids on the ground or surface. Acid rain and acid deposition is harmful for the living beings. It damages the buildings, cars as well as crops. Acid rains can be prevented by not allowing the burning of fossil fuels.