Answer:
<h3>All the plants are autotrophic because they can prepare their own food using photosynthesis.</h3>
Explanation:
Animals & fungi are not autotrophic because they can not perform photosynthesis. In order to perform photosynthesis they should contain photosynthetic pigment i.e. chlorophyll. These are absent in animals & fungi. Apart from this animals & fungi have reserve food materials in the form of glycogen on the other hand plants stores the food in the form of starch. Animals & fungi lacks chloroplast.
Answer:
A 22 to 25 amino acid sequence present in the central section of the protein, which gives rise to an alpha helix in the membrane is known as the stop-transfer anchor sequence. The sequence plays an essential function in targeting the protein towards the plasma membrane. On the other hand, it also ceases targeting of the protein towards the endoplasmic reticulum, which was started by the signal peptide.
Thus, the process of translation of the remaining of the protein occurs within the cytosol due to the tethering of the transmembrane domain. In the stop-transfer anchor sequence, the hydrophobic amino acids present are isoleucine and valine. After mutation, these amino acids get converted into arginine and lysine, thus, hydrophilic amino acids replace hydrophobic amino acids in the sequence.
Due to this, the transmembrane domain cannot be targeted towards an integral part of the plasma membrane by the short transfer anchor sequence, and therefore, now the translocation of the protein will take place towards the endoplasmic reticulum as initiated by the signal peptide at the beginning.
<h2>
Answer:</h2><h2>when the membranes are fused, the polar parts of the phospholipids from one cell will interact with the phospholipids from the other cell .</h2>
Explanation:
Cell membrane is composed of phospholipid bilayer . Cell membrane is hydrophilic at the surface of outside of the cell and inside surface of the cell thus both surface of cell membrane is a hydrophilic . Interiorly cell membrane is hydrophobic or nonpolar region because membrane composed of long fatty acid chain interiorly . Inner surface of cell membrane have no contact with water or polar molecules . When membrane binds to each other then the polar parts of the phospholipids from one cell will interact with the phospholipids from the other cell , while nonpolar parts of cell avoid water and create bilayer phospholipid where hydrophobic tails are in between the hydrophilic heads .
In order to increase the rate of diffusion of materials in and out of the cell, the following modification can be done to the cell:
1. the shape of the cell can be changed to one that has high surface area to volume ration, for example sphere.
2.The cell can also divide into two in order to increase the surface area to volume ratio.
Answer;
-Birth defects
Explanation;
In animals, long-term exposure to DDT can cause death or severe birth defects.
-DDT stands for dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane. It is an insecticide/pesticide previously used on crops. DDT has an adverse impact on many organisms such as crayfish, fish, shrimp, and other animals such as mammals.
DDT is slightly to moderately acutely toxic to mammals, including people, if eaten.Animals given potentially fatal doses of DDT develop liver lesions and those given DDT over a long period of time develop liver changes. In these animal populations DDT may cause birth and reproductive defects.
