I think 1 is non-sequitur and 2 is ad hominem. Ad hominem is when you attack the person rather than their position on the issue. In #2 their verbally attacking the person for not supporting veterans.
The great Roman Empire was so powerful that it conquered a large part of Europe, as well as parts of Africa and Asia.
The Puritans had to face many obstacles and mischiefs on their way to the New World.
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The compound objects are bold
If a direct object is the recipient of action of the verb (what the verb does to something/someone), a compound direct object is composed of two or more such recipients.
