The Arts and Crafts Movement was largely fueled by the Industrial Revolution, in which everything was mass produced. More and more artists wanted to return to hand-crafted objects that were unique.
The sculptor was following a Roman tradition at the time to portray emperors as other-worldly, almost godlike beings. He makes his eyes very large and his face stoic to convey that he his someone not quite human like the rest of us, and perhaps he is above the fleeting emotions that govern the rest of mankind.
An accurate definition of tenebrism would be that it is marked by a very strong contrast between light and dark tones, imagine like when people tell ghost stories and everything's dark but they point a flashlight to their faces. The darkness is the dominating feature but the light is there as a sharp contrast. This is what tenebrism was and what Caravaggio did all the time.
D ) I think so they all sound right. Sorry if I’m wrong
