The red-green color blindness is a recessive X-linked trait. The females are not affected unless both the X chromosomes have the affected allele. Mostly, the females are the carriers, and the males are affected as they have only one X chromosome. In the given pedigree, the father of Irene have the normal allele, while her mother is a carrier. However, Irene is neither a carrier nor affected. This means that she carries normal alleles on both X chromosomes. Hence, her allele combination is 
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Answer;
$A7
If cell reference $A5 in a formula is copied and pasted over two columns and down two rows from its original cell, the cell reference in the new cell becomes $A7.
Explanation;
Absolute cell reference is a cell address that contains a dollar sign, $, in the row or column coordinate, or both. such that when you enter a cell reference in a formula, the Excel assumes it is a relative reference unless you change it to an absolute reference.
Innate: keratinized epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium hypodermal areolar connective tissue antigen presenting cells major histocompatibility complexes complement (antibody -dependent pathway )
Innate or non-specific response is the first defense against invaders. Components of this response include physical (e.g. skin . mucosa) and chemical barriers against pathogens and cells such as Natural Killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils. Innate response reacts immediately.
Adaptive: immunoglobulin plasma cells agglutinin
helper t cells memory t cells cytotoxic t cells cd4+cells
t lymphocytes
Adaptive immune response or specific response is specific to the pathogen presented and mediated by lymphocytes, B and T cells. Adaptive immune response creates immunological memory after the first, initial l response to a specific pathogen which leads to enhanced response.
Answer:
<h2>
5' UTR E1 E2 E3 E4 UTR 3'</h2>
Explanation:
During RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are joined tp each other to form a mature mRNA and this RNA moves to cytosol.. So 5' UTR , UTR 3' and all exons are joined together.
All introns are removed and exons are joind during RNA splicing process.
So the final mRNA is 5' UTR E1 E2 E3 E4 UTR 3'.
