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Indices are used to study fossil specimens and compare them against each other. They are based on concept of ratio hence better than simple measurements when it comes to comparative analysis. They compensate for the problems caused by other variable factors like size or specimen.
For example, to estimate if an organism is long or round headed simple measurement of cranial length or breadth can be done and the result can be given according to the selected parameter. However some specimens will have longer breadth than length and some will have longer length than breadth. So, it is better to measure both the parameters and find out their ratio. Hence, cranial index is used which is given by: (Cranial breadth/Cranial length)*100.
Complex.
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If you are referring to a cellular organelle than I would say lysosomes because, they do just that, they digest intracellular waste.
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proteins, because it helps in the regulatory function of the body.
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Soil is a basic and fundamental natural resource, which took millions of years in its formation, resulting from the processes of disintegration and decomposition of rocks due to weathering. As much as many rocks, due to their hardness levels, seem indestructible, they all end up decomposing, even if slowly. Weathering is the general process that causes the deterioration of rocks. He is responsible for producing all the clays, all soils and dissolved substances that end up carried by rivers to the oceans. We can subdivide it into two types: chemical weathering and physical weathering. The first occurs when the minerals of a given rock undergo a chemical alteration or dissolution – and here the action of water is very important. The second occurs when there is a fragmentation of solid rock, through mechanical processes that do not change its chemical composition. Both reinforce each other. The smaller the pieces of rock created by physical weathering, the greater the surface for chemical weathering to act.
Rocks, reduced in particles through weathering, can accumulate as soil or, through erosion, be transported or deposited in the form of sediments somewhere else. Erosion is then defined as the process in which weathered materials (i.e., dismantled into smaller mineral fractions) are displaced or removed from their origin, usually by the action of water or air currents. A third geological process that should be mentioned is the dispersion of mass, which usually moves in isolated events, downhill, terrestrial materials modified or not by weathering, including large fragments of unchanged rocks.
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