One example: The improvement in science and technology over the years has decreased the infant mortality rate. Since more babies live, we have a higher population.
Also, with increases in science and technology, there are many diseases that were once considered fatal that are now easily treated. This has also led to a higher population.
In the citric acid cycle (also
known as Kreb’s Cycle), the enzyme that catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation reactions
is α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. The oxidative decarboxylation reaction is the
irreversible stage of the citric acid cycle; it generates NADH (equivalent of
2.5 ATP), and regenerates the 4C chain (CoA is excluded).
Answer:
The correct answer will be- the free energy change will be +13 kcal/mol.
Explanation:
The free energy change of a chemical reaction is the measure of the spontaneity of the reaction in which the negative value of free energy represents that reaction is exergonic while positive value represents that reaction is endergonic.
In the given question, if the free-energy change is 13 kcal/mol for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pi which releases energy used by the cells then reversal of the reaction that is the formation of ATP molecules from the ADP and Pi requires energy which will be the same energy required to break the ATP.
This shows that 13kcal/mol energy will be used but with a positive sign as the energy is needed or the reaction is endergonic.
