Answer:
d)the rise of banking and commerce
Explanation:
The Médici or Médicis were a powerful and influential family of the Renaissance in Florence among whose members stood out three popes, Leo X, Clement VII, and Leo XI; two queens of France Catherine de Médici and María de Médici; in addition to numerous Florentine leaders, members of the royal houses of France and England and who excelled by being a patron, sponsoring artists and scientists of their time.
Of modest origin - the root of the name is uncertain, possibly reflecting the profession of "doctor" - the initial power of the family emerged from the bank. The Banca Medici was one of the most prosperous and respected banks in Europe. With this base, they acquired political power initially in Florence, where they appeared occupying the position of confaloniero or head of the city from century XIV (Salvestro di Médici was confaloniero in 1378). His power and influence then spread throughout Italy and the rest of the European continent.
Juan de Médici, first banker of the family, began the influence of the lineage on the Florentine government, but the Médici became the unofficial head of the republic in 1434, when his eldest son Cosme de Médici took among his titles that of Pater Patriae and that of «Grand Master». The main branch of the family - formed by his descendants - ruled the destinies of Florence until the murder of Alexander de 'Medici, first Duke of Florence, in 1537.
The power then passed to the minor branch of the Medici - to the descendants of Lorenzo el Viejo - younger son of Juan de 'Medici, beginning with his great-great-grandson, Cosimo I de Medici, II Duke of Florence (1537-1569) and I Grand Duke of Tuscany (1569-1574). In the duke Cosme I the two familiar branches are united since it is son of Juan of the Black Bands of the Popolana branch and Maria Salviati granddaughter of Lorenzo de Médici. The escalation of the Medici to power was recounted in detail in the chronicle of Benedetto Dei.
