Answer:
a) The response indicates that a pH below or above this range will most likely cause enolase to denature/change its shape and be less efficient or unable to catalyze the reaction.
b)The response indicates that the appropriate negative control is to measure the reaction rate (at the varying substrate concentrations) without any enzyme present.
c)The response indicated that the enolase has a more stable/functional/correct/normal protein structure at the higher temperature of 55°C than at 37°C because the enzyme is from an organism that is adapted to growth at 55°C.
Explanation:
Enolase catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate during both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.In bacteria, enolases are highly conserved enzymes and commonly exist as homodimers.
The temperature optimum for enolase catalysis was 80°C, close to the measured thermal stability of the protein which was determined to be 75°C, while the pH optimum for enzyme activity was 6.5. The specific activities of purified enolase determined at 25 and 80°C were 147 and 300 U mg−1 of protein, respectively. Km values for the 2-phosphoglycerate/phosphoenolpyruvate reaction determined at 25 and 80°C were 0.16 and 0.03 mM, respectively. The Km values for Mg2+ binding at these temperatures were 2.5 and 1.9 mM, respectively.
Enolase-1 from Chloroflexus aurantiacus (EnoCa), a thermophilic green non-sulfur bacterium that grows photosynthetically under anaerobic conditions. The biochemical and structural properties of enolase from C. aurantiacus are consistent with this being thermally adapted.
Question: Below is a list of functions performed by organisms. Examine the list, then answer the question that follows.
gas exchange
intake of nutrients
disposal of wastes
stimulus response
reproduction
How do these functions compare between single-celled and multi-celled organisms?
A. Single-celled organisms can perform all of these functions, while multi-celled organisms can perform only some of these functions.
B. Single-celled organisms must perform all of these functions with one cell, while multi-celled organisms can have specialized cells for different functions.
C. Single-celled organisms can perform only some of these functions, while multi-celled organisms can perform all of these functions.
D. Neither single-celled organisms nor multi-celled organisms can perform all of these necessary functions.
Answer:
Option B, Single-celled organisms must perform all of these functions with one cell, while multi-celled organisms can have specialized cells for different functions.
Explanation:
All these functions are performed by both single celled and multi-cellular organism. A single cell has several microscopic organelles that performs specific functions while a multi - celled organism has different body organs/tissues to perform specialized function separately.
A cell exchange gas through the cellular membrane, intake nutrients through engulfing, dispose waste by lysosomes, stimulus response by sensory hairy structure and reproduction through cell division
Hence, option B is correct.
Answer: D.finding fossils in the same area that are in layers closer to the surface.
Relative dating refers to the age estimation method in which past events are determined, to compare the age of object, organism, strata or rock with the age of other similar entity. This method gives an approximate or estimated age, it does not provide absolute age.
The older fossils are found in deeper layers of the strata as compared to younger fossils. This represents the geological time and life span of primitive or preexisting organisms. Therefore, according to the given situation, finding fossils in the same area that are in layers closer to the surface is the best conclusion.
Answer:
Proportion of the F2 male with red eyes and forked bristle will be 1/4
Explanation:
forked bristles are caused by an allele (Xf) that is X linked and recessive to an allele for normal bristles (X+).
Brown eyes are caused by an allele (b) that is autosomal and recessive to an allele for red eyes (b+)
A female fly that is homozygous for normal bristles and red eyes mates with a male fly that has forked bristles and brown eyes
X+X+b+b+ x Xfbb
the F1 gives 1/2X+Xf 1/2b+b
1/2X+Y 1/2b+b
intercross of F1
Proportion of the F2 male with red eyes and forked bristle will be
forked bristle= Xfy = 1/2 and for red eyes 2/4= 1/2 = 1/2x1/2 =1/4
Answer:
An enzyme that aids in digestion.
Explanation: Digestion begins in the mouth and continues throughout the GI track. Amylase is found in salIva and begins to break down maltose and dextrin in the mouth. You can also tell amylase is an enzyme because the suffix “-ase” refers to enzymes.
