B. The Catholic Church lost allies such as England, Denmark, and Sweden.
Answers, with explanations:
written constitution = after unification
- During revolutions in 1848-1849, the Frankfurt Parliament had produced a constitution for a unified Germany, but that move was rejected at the time by the king of Prussia, to whom the constitution was offered.
300 German states = before unification
- The German states had a long history of sovereignty in their individual territories. Unification meant bringing all those states together into one national entity.
trade facilitated in the region = before unification
- The Zollverein, or customs union, was created between the German states in the 1830s. This eliminated customs tariffs between states and was a step that began moving in the direction of unification.
risk of French aggression = before unification
- Germany became a united empire after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71. Victory over France in that war by the German states operating as a coalition was part of what brought about unification.
boundaries changed by Napoleon = before unification
- When Napoleon conquered territories throughout Europe in the early 1800s, he rearranged borders to enhance his empire's management of conquered territories. In the German states, this made them work together in ways they had not before, and was a catalyst toward desires for unification.
two-house legislature = after unification
- There was a legislature in the North German Confederation (1867-1870), which preceded unification. But that was a single-house (unicameral) parliament, whereas the Reichstag (legislature) of the unified German Empire was bicameral.
In the study of history<span> as an academic discipline, a </span>primary source<span> (also called </span>original source<span> or </span>evidence<span>) is an artifact, a document, diary, </span>manuscript<span>, autobiography, a recording, or other source of information that was created at the time under study. It serves as an original source of information about the topic. Similar definitions can be used in </span>library science<span>, and other areas of scholarship, although different fields have somewhat different definitions. In </span>journalism<span>, a primary source can be a person with direct knowledge of a situation, or a document written by such a person.</span>
