In Pavlov's original studies on classical conditioning, he used dogs as the subject of his experiment. The unconditioned stimulus was the <u>bowl of food</u> that he presented to the dog while the unconditioned response was the dog salivated in its excitement to see the food.
<span>By the late 1960s, scientists had developed the theory of plate tectonics based on a range of new evidence. Technological advances had helped reveal that the ocean floor was not essentially flat, as once assumed, but instead was marked by 50,000-kilometer-long (31,000-mile), 3,000-meter-high (9,800-ft) ridges and 11-kilometer-deep (7-mile) trenches. Scientists found striking patterns related to these features. They found that the youngest oceanic crust is located nearest the mid-ocean ridge and the oldest crust is nearest the trenches. They also detected a pattern of alternating magnetic polarity along the ocean floor, which emanated from the ridge tops. These two pieces of evidence, coupled with the fact that volcanic activity and island-building occurred most commonly at ocean trenches, suggested that new crust was created at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed at ocean trenches. Scientists Harry Hess and Robert Dietz used this evidence to revive and expand Holmes' convection theory into the theory they called "seafloor spreading." Finally, Wegener's notion of continental drift was coupled with a mechanism that could explain the movement of tectonic plates.</span>
Plants absorb me from the soil through assimilation, I am eaten by animals the animals and plants die and decompose where I am released back into the soil, weathering and erosion cause me to release out of rocks, I then find my way into the ocean being carried by water, I then return to the soil through the water.
The correct answer is option (d) atmosphere.
Fossil fuels are the hydrocarbons formed in the geological past, derived from the remains of dead plants and animals. They include the coal, fuel gas and the natural gas. The burning of fossil fuels is one of the greatest contributor of carbon dioxide being added to the atmosphere. This results in the pollution of air in the atmosphere resulting in the formation of smog. Carbon dioxide being a green house gas, affects the atmosphere and causes green house effect leading to global warming and climate changes.
The burning of fossil fuels affects the geosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere indirectly due to its primary direct effect on the atmosphere. Thus, atmosphere is directly affected by the burning of fossil fuels.
