I) Locus- the chromosomal site where a specific gene is located. A locus is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker. Each chromosome carries ,many genes; human's estimated haploid (n) protein coding genes are about 20,000, on the 23 different chromosomes.
ii) Interference; the observed double crossover frequency differs from the expected double crossover frequency. Cross over interference is used to refer to the non-random placement of crossovers with respect to each other during meiosis. It results in widely spaced crossovers along chromosomes. Interference may exert its effect across whole chromosomes. As chromosomes in many eukaryotes are large, interference must be able to act over megabase lengths of DNA.
iii) Linkage- the tendency for genes located in close proximity on the same chromosome to be inherited together. Normally when two genes are close together on the same chromosome, they do not assort independently and are said to be linked. Whereas genes located on different chromosomes assort independently and have a recombination frequency of 50%, linked genes have a recombination frequency that is less than 50%.
iv) Recombination- the process by which a new pattern of alleles on a chromosome is generated. Genetic recombination is the production of offspring with combinations f traits that differ from those found in either parent. During meiosis in eukaryotes, genetic recombination involves the pairing of homologous chromosomes. This may be followed by information transfer between the chromosomes.
Phat1 = 9/142
Phat 2 = 5/268
Phat 3 14/410
Test statistics = (Phat 1 - Phat 2) / (Square root of (phat × (1- phat))
times the square root of (1/n1 + 1/n2))
Test statistics = 2.373
P- value = 2× (1- normal cdf (2.373, 0, 1))
= 0.0176
At the level of significance, there is difference between the proportion of drug-resistant wihtin the two states.
First, we need to solve for the common ratio from the data given by using the equation.
a(n) = a(1) r^(n-1)
1024 = 4 r^(9-1)
256 = r^8
r = 256^(1/8)
r = 2
Then, we can find the sum by the expression:
S(n) = a(1) ( 1 - r^n) / 1-r
S(9) = 4 (1 - 2^9) / 1-2
S(9) = 2044
Therefore, the correct answer from the choices listed above is option B.
Answer: The true statements about protein digestion and hydrolysis are;
1. Hydrochloric acid in gastric juices cause protein denaturation.
2. In small intestine trypsin attacks peptide bonds.
3.free amino acids are absorbed by the intestinal wall.
Explanation:
Protein digestion occurs in the duodenum and stomach and it is the breakdown of proteins to amino acids by action of Enzymes like trypsin, pepsin.
Protein is digested by the hydrolysis of carbon-nitrogen bond. Mechanical digestion of protein begins in the mouth and it continues in the small intestine and stomach.
Chemical digestion starts in the stomach where by hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice denatures the protein and convert pepsinogen to pepsin enzyme which convert the protein in food to peptides. Trypsin attacks the peptide bond that involves the carboxyl group which breaks it to polypeptide. Exopepdisases and dipeptidases breaks it down to amino acids. The amino acids released by protein digestion is then absorbed by the intestinal wall
<u>Answer:</u>
"Rainwater pouring from an eroded bank into a river" is a non-point source of water pollution.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Bank erosion is the washing away of stream or river banks. This is distinct from erosion of the watercourse bed, known as scour. These erosion undermines the roots of trees which develop by a lake. As the roots closely connect the soil, they form abutments that jut out above the surface.
Non-point source water contamination is induced by widespread and isolated waste sources such as rain and snowmelt runoff, spills, leaks, and sediment erosions. To release any pollutant, without a permit, from a point source into navigable waters is illegal according to the Clean Water Act.
