Answer:Sclerenchyma
Explanation:Sclerenchyma is thick walled dead lignified cells, they are hard and elastic. The sclerenchyma cells are divided into two groups namely fibers and sclereids. Sclerenchymatous fibers are branched/unbranched, long, hard, pointed cells with tapering ends, thick walls, and narrow lumen.
Answer:
the reporter gene can randomly insert near to an enhancer sequence which can induce its expression
Explanation
Enhancers are genetic sequences capable of activating gene expression by binding to specific proteins (e.g., transcription factors). Enhancers can regulate the expression of nearby genes located thousands of nucleotides away, i.e., over several kilobases away. In the human genome, it is well known that enhancers are scattered across the 98% of the genome. In this case, it is expected that the reporter GFP gene construct is randomly inserted near an enhancer sequence (a 10% chance of insertion), thereby being regulated by that enhancer.
Answer:
choanoflagellates and sponges are sister groups
Explanation:
The choanoflagellates are small unicellular organisms belonging to the Protista kingdom. These microorganisms are collared flagellates morphologically similar to the choanocyte cells of animal sponges, which have a central flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. In consequence, it has been suggested that choanoflagellates may represent the closest living relatives of primitive metazoans (i.e., they are sister groups to sponges). This hypothesis has recently been supported by both molecular phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses.
The process of water moving through the soil is called percolation or ground water recharge. In this process water oozes, seeps, or filter through the soil beneath the surface, without a defined channels, or in a course that is unknown and not discoverable from surface indications without excavation for that purpose. Percolation and infiltration are two related but different processes describing the movement of water through the soil. Infiltration involves the downward entry of water into the soil or rock surface while percolation is the flow of water through soil and porous or fractured rock.<span />
