During the period of Disunion, Confucian ideas are overshadowed by Buddhist or Buddhism ideas. Confucian are based on the teachings of Confucius and when Buddhism became very popular in China, it overshadowed Confucian that people started to leave the Confucian outlooks and ideas.
The illegal voting would have been stopped or a least greatly reduced with the implementation of proper voter registration and state IDs. Of course, with the rudimentary technology of the era, falsification of ID documents would have been relatively easier than it is today. However IDs and voter registration would have presented an additional obstacle to border ruffians.
The violence would only have been stopped by the concourse of a national guard, a state police and civil deputies from the state protecting voter, voting locations and the transportation of ballots.
Natural and unnatural laws
The government actually collects taxes to pay for the goods and services it provides including schools, roads, the police, libraries, parks and military protection… if any of these count as a government program, then I believe D is correct, as the person before me said.
I need more info Noemipineda