Answer:
a) Potential Sources of confounding:
1) Pancreatic cancer patients were being compared with persons hospitalized for cancerous diseases. Coffee may likely aggravate the pains of pancreatic cancer patients unlike other cancer patients because the latter's cancer diseases were not digestive.
2) Unintended bias was introduced by investigators in questioning patients. The investigators asked questions on coffee drinking habits of those already hospitalized. This biased the drinking of coffee as a predisposing factor.
3) There could be differences among men and women because of other habits. While drinking more coffee predisposed women to cancer, according to the confounding statements, drinking even more did not have much difference in men.
Explanation:
"CRITICS SAY COFFEE STUDY WAS FLAWED" was an article in New York Times written by Harold M. Schmeck Jr. on June 30, 1981. It attempted to critique the study of drinking coffee and its disposal to cause cancer to the drinkers.
In this article, he introduced the views of critics of the Coffee Study which was earlier published in the New England Journal of Medicine and the accompanying refutal by the researchers.
The correct answer is B) The first excerpt uses facts and statistics and the second excerpt is told as a story.
We can clearly appreciate how despite both excerpts have the same theme they relay the information in different ways. The first excerpt is clearly an article about Kids from Honduras who were leaving their country due to violence and the author uses statistics to prove his/her point whereas the second one is an excerpt from 'Entrique's Journey' that's related to the refugee situation..
<span>During the time spent disclosing to her story, Rowlandson uncovers much about Puritan culture and states of mind towards ladies and Native Americans; comparably, she gives data about Native American culture, however regularly without acknowledging or even obviously understanding it. Rowlandson's personal record of her internment set up the model for ensuing imprisonment accounts, and her accentuation on her part as mother laid the foundation for later ladies' written work, including some African American slave stories.</span>