A simple example is when people don't understand sarcasm. It happened once to me that i was being sarcastic and people thought that i was serious. In the end, there was a big argument because those people believed that i had been serious while i clearly believed they understood my sarcasm.
Answer: the contestants and observers thought the questioners were more knowledgeable than the contestants.
Explanation: Ross et al published a paper in the journal of personality and social psychology in 1977 titled
"Social Roles, Social Control, and Biases in Social-Perception Processes". They demonstrated that our actions and perceptions are determined by roles we have to play in interpersonal encounters; this is the biasing effect social roles have on performance.
In this instance the observers and the contestants perceived the questioners as having superior knowledge as the questioners were given latitude in how they frame the questions. Due to their social roles, the questioners were "the powerful" while the contestants and observers were "the powerless" playing out their roles and not taking into account the biasing effect.
If the roles were switched around, the outcome would still be the same with each group irrespective of their actual ability and knowledge.
Answer: d)They have not defined happiness or how it will be measured.
Explanation: A survey is the record that is formed on the basis of through examination and observation of any particular situation or thing. The survey carried out by Magali and Jean has a major flaw because it does not have any certain parameter for measuring the rate of happiness in people present in the mall.
Other options are not appropriate to be a mistake in survey because people will not avoid the participation, the experimental survey data is valid and dependency is not based on population of people in mall.Thus, the correct option is option(d).
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