Answer:
A red blood cell, sitting in the right atria of the heart is chocolate-brown in color since its a deoxygenated red blood cell with carbon dioxide rather than oxygen in its hemoglobin.
First
The tricuspid valve pumps it through the right ventricle
Secondly
pulmonary valve pumps it from the right ventricle to the pulmonary circulation.
Then
In the alveoli of the lungs, gas exchange occurs during pulmonary circulation
The end product is oxyhemoglobin( bright red colour) I.e oxygenated blood
The next step
pulmonary veins is the means whereby the red blood cell go to the left atria from the pulmonary circulation through the aortic valve
to mitral valve then to the aorta and systemic circulation
Therefore
oxygen is replaced by carbon dioxide during systemic circulation indicating a end to cellular respiration
Lastly
It's transported back to the right atrium of the heart completing the cardiac cycle.
A harmful mutation will harm the organism, a helpful will help the organism to survive, and a neutral will not affect the organism.Lol I feel like a nerd
Answer:
D. some components of the cycle are used as building blocks for certain anabolic pathways
Explanation:
Kreb's cycle starts when pyruvate enters the cycle in the form of acetyl CoA. The cycle completely breakdown acetyl CoA into CO2 and H2O. The released energy is stored in the form of NADH and FADH2 which enter oxidative phosphorylation to drive ATP synthesis. Kreb's cycle is an amphibolic pathway as it is involved in both catabolic and anabolic processes.
Some of the intermediates of Kreb's cycle serve as precursors for other anabolic pathways. For example, alpha-Ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate from Kreb's cycle enter the anabolic processes of synthesis of amino acids aspartate and glutamate respectively. Succinyl CoA from Kreb's cycle serves as one of the intermediates for the synthesis of porphyrin rings present in "heme" groups. The heme group is a structural and functional part of hemoglobin and myoglobin proteins.
<em>Water has unique chemical characteristics in all three states—solid, liquid, and gas—thanks to the ability of its molecules to hydrogen bond with one another. Since living things, from human beings to bacteria, have a high water content, understanding the unique chemical features of water in its three states is key to biology.
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<em>In liquid water, hydrogen bonds are constantly being formed and broken as the water molecules slide past each other. The breaking of these bonds is caused by the energy of motion (kinetic energy) of the water molecules due to the heat contained in the system.
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<em>When the heat is raised (for instance, as water is boiled), the higher kinetic energy of the water molecules causes the hydrogen bonds to break completely and allows water molecules to escape into the air as gas. We observe this gas as water vapor or steam.
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<em>On the other hand, when the temperature drops and water freezes, water molecules form a crystal structure maintained by hydrogen bonding (as there is too little heat energy left to break the hydrogen bonds). This structure makes ice less dense than liquid water.</em>
Messages from the motor cortex are blocked by the brainstem.
