Question

For questions 1-10, fill in the blank with the letter of the description that best matches the term.

Answer 1

The correct answers are:

1. Axon                    ⇔ (C)
2. Dendrite              ⇔ (E)
3. Synaptic cleft      ⇔ (G) 
4. Efferent neuron   ⇔ (A) 
5. Myelin sheath     ⇔ (D) 
6. Neurotransmitter ⇔ (J)
7. Afferent neuron   ⇔ (B)
8. Node of Ranvier  ⇔ (F)
9. Action potential    ⇔ (I)
10. Interneuron        ⇔ (H)

Explanations:
(1) In a neuron, Axon is the long thread-like part (fiber) of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted/passed from the cell body to other cells (neurons). Therefore, from the options given, the best suited sentence is "Long fibers that carry signals away from the cell body." (C)
Hence, 1. Axon ⇔ (C) Long fibers that carry signals away from the cell body

(2) In a neuron, Dendrite is a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body. Therefore, from the options given, the best suited sentence is "Short, highly branched fibers that carry signals toward the cell body." (E)
Hence, 2. Dendrite ⇔ (E) Short, highly branched fibers that carry signals toward the cell body.

(3) Synaptic cleft is the space between neurons at a nerve synapse across which a nerve impulse is transmitted by a neurotransmitter. It is also called synaptic gap. Therefore, from the options given, the best suited sentence is "The space between two cells." (G)
Hence, 3. Synaptic cleft ⇔ (G) The space between two cells.

(4) Efferent neuron is a neuron that conducts impulses outwards from the brain or the spinal cord to the muscles or organs throughout the body. Therefore, from the options given, the best suited sentence is "A type of neuron that sends information away from the central nervous system to muscles or glands." (A)
Hence, 4. Efferent neuron ⇔ (A) A type of neuron that sends information away from the central nervous system to muscles or glands.

(5) Myelin sheath is the fatty, insulating covering that surrounds an axon with multiple spiral layers of myelin. The main purpose of a myelin sheath is to increase the speed at which impulses propagate along the myelinated fiber. Therefore, from the options given, the best suited sentence is "The fatty material surrounding some axons." (D)
Hence, 5. Myelin sheath ⇔ (D) The fatty material surrounding some axons.

(6) Neurotransmitter is a chemical substance which is released at the end of a nerve fibre by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, effects the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fibre, a muscle fibre, or some other structure. Therefore, from the options given, the best suited sentence is "A type of chemical released from the tip of an axon into the synaptic cleft when a nerve impulse arrives." (J)
Hence, 6. Neurotransmitter ⇔ (J) A type of chemical released from the tip of an axon into the synaptic cleft when a nerve impulse arrives.

(7) Afferent neuron is a neuron conducting impulses inwards to the brain or spinal cord from muscles or organs throughout the body. Therefore, from the options given, the best suited sentence is "A type of neuron that sends information from the sensory receptors toward the central nervous system." (B)
Hence, 7. Afferent neuron ⇔ (B) A type of neuron that sends information from the sensory receptors toward the central nervous system.

(8) Node of Ranvier, in a neuron, is a gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between adjacent Schwann cells. Therefore, from the options given, the best suited sentence is "Gaps in the myelin sheath." (F)
Hence, 8. Node of Ranvier ⇔ (F) Gaps in the myelin sheath.

(9) Action potential is the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a nerve cell or a muscle cell. Therefore, from the options given, the best suited sentence is "The reversal of the electrical potential in the plasma membrane of a neuron." (I)
Hence, 9. Action potential ⇔ (I) The reversal of the electrical potential in the plasma membrane of a neuron.

(10) Interneuron is neuron that transmits impulses between sensory neurons and the motor neurons. It, itself, is neither a motor neuron nor a sensory neuron. Therefore, from the options given, the best suited sentence is "A type of neuron that sends information between sensory and motor neurons." (H)
Hence, 10. Interneuron ⇔ (H) A type of neuron that sends information between sensory and motor neurons.

Answer 2

Neurons are the cells that is involved in sending and receiving signals.

Further Explanation:

The nervous system consists of neurons which are involved in transmitting the information to other nerve cells, gland cells and muscle.

Neurons consists of the following:

1. Cell body: It contains the nucleus and cytoplasm.

2. Axons: It extends from cell body and contains smaller branches.

3. Dendrites: It extends from the cell body and takes message or the signal from other neurons.

4. Synapsis: Point of communication between two neurons.

5. Synaptic cleft: It is the space between two cells.

6. Efferent neuron: The neurons which sends the information away from the central nervous system to glands.

7. Myelin sheath: It is the fatty materials that surrounds some axons.

8. Neurotransmitter: It is the type of chemical that is released from the tip of axons to the synaptic cleft whenever the nerve impulses arrives.

9. Afferent neuron: This type of neurons sends the information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system.

10. Nodes of Ranvier: It is the space between the myelin sheath.

11. Action potential: It is the reversal of electrical potential present in the plasma membrane of the neuron.

12. Interneuron: This is the type of neuron that sends the information between the sensory neurons and the motor neurons.

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Answer Details:

Grade: College Biology

Subject: Biology

Chapter: The nervous system

Keywords:

Neurons, nervous system, nerve cells, gland cells , muscle, cell body, Axons, dendrites, synapsis, synaptic cleft, efferent neuron, myelin sheath, neurotransmitter, afferent neuron, nodes of Ranvier, action potential, interneuron.