Answer:
a) Potential Sources of confounding:
1) Pancreatic cancer patients were being compared with persons hospitalized for cancerous diseases. Coffee may likely aggravate the pains of pancreatic cancer patients unlike other cancer patients because the latter's cancer diseases were not digestive.
2) Unintended bias was introduced by investigators in questioning patients. The investigators asked questions on coffee drinking habits of those already hospitalized. This biased the drinking of coffee as a predisposing factor.
3) There could be differences among men and women because of other habits. While drinking more coffee predisposed women to cancer, according to the confounding statements, drinking even more did not have much difference in men.
Explanation:
"CRITICS SAY COFFEE STUDY WAS FLAWED" was an article in New York Times written by Harold M. Schmeck Jr. on June 30, 1981. It attempted to critique the study of drinking coffee and its disposal to cause cancer to the drinkers.
In this article, he introduced the views of critics of the Coffee Study which was earlier published in the New England Journal of Medicine and the accompanying refutal by the researchers.
The two claims that are best supported by reasons and relevant evidence are:
1) Exercising regularly will improve many aspects of one's life. Not only will you sleep better at night, but you will also learn better during the day and feel better in general. Many studies have shown the many benefits of regular exercise, and my doctor agrees with them.
This claim is supported by scientific evidence shown by studies and a professional opinion (although poorly presented).
2) Parents should teach their children financial responsibility early in life. Not only do children have expenses such as meals, snacks, and transportation, but they also need to learn how to realistically budget for their needs according to their income. This is an economic lesson that will prove invaluable when they grow up.
This claim is supported by real factual evidence (the expenses that most children have daily and the undeniable effect that learning this lesson will have in their future) .
The correct answer is C.
The sentence above is the major premise of the statement found in The Crisis, Number IV. The statement talked about how men can experience freedom through sacrifice and love for the country and his countrymen.
