Answer:
For 32 bits Instruction Format:
OPCODE DR SR1 SR2 Unused bits
a) Minimum number of bits required to represent the OPCODE = 3 bits
There are 8 opcodes. Patterns required for these opcodes must be unique. For this purpose, take log base 2 of 8 and then ceil the result.
Ceil (log2 (8)) = 3
b) Minimum number of bits For Destination Register(DR) = 4 bits
There are 10 registers. For unique register values take log base 2 of 10 and then ceil the value. 4 bits are required for each register. Hence, DR, SR1 and SR2 all require 12 bits in all.
Ceil (log2 (10)) = 4
c) Maximum number of UNUSED bits in Instruction encoding = 17 bits
Total number of bits used = bits used for registers + bits used for OPCODE
= 12 + 3 = 15
Total number of bits for instruction format = 32
Maximum No. of Unused bits = 32 – 15 = 17 bits
OPCODE DR SR1 SR2 Unused bits
3 bits 4 bits 4 bits 4 bits 17 bits
Answer: c. Depending on context the same sequence of bits may represent different types of information.
Explanation:
The options for the question are:
A. Computing devices use patterns of bits to represent complex information
B. Abstraction helps represent complex information by surfacing complexity that might otherwise be hidden
C. Depending on context the same sequence of bits may represent different types of information
D. Common abstractions that are represented by computing devices include numbers, characters, and color.
The following are true of how computers represent complex information:
• Computing devices use patterns of bits to represent complex information
• helps represent complex information by surfacing complexity that might otherwise be hidden
• Common abstractions that are represented by computing devices include numbers, characters, and color.
Therefore, the option that is not true of how computers represent complex information is that "depending on context the same sequence of bits may represent different types of information".
The answer & explanation for this question is given in the attachment below.
ASCII is a 7-bit coding, ie., 2^7 = 128 codes.
Answer:
The External Data Bus is used to transport binary data and Address bus is used to transport memory addresses.
Explanation:
- External Data Bus is a combination of data bus and external bus. Data bus is used to carry data and instructions between two or more components in the system e.g. CPU and all other computer components.
- External bus is also called expansion bus. It is used to connect external components to the computer. Its a communication medium between CPU and other components. These components can be peripheral device like USB or flash memory.
- So External Data Bus is used to transport data between CPU and external components. It is a primary communication pathway for data in a computer. The external data components are connected to this bus and the instruction or data on this bus is available to all external components. But the data communication is slower as compared to that of internal bus.
- Address Bus carries physical location or address of data and transports memory addresses. Processor uses address bus when it wants to read data from memory or write data to the memory by sending a read/write signal by placing the read/write address of the specific memory location on the address bus.
