The advantage of asexual reproduction (binary fission) in paramecium is a large number of offspring that are reproduced very fast. Large number colonies which are formed that way may survive and compete with other organisms. Another advantage is that this type of reproduction doesn’t acquire energy for finding a mate.
<span>The advantage of sexual reproduction is that offspring reproduced sexually are different (asexually have genetically identical offspring).</span>
Answer:
The four- chambered hearts of birds and mammals are best described as <u>homoplasies.</u>
Explanation:
In evolution, homoplasies are the trait shared in different species despite that their ancestors didn't have it at all. In other words, these are traits that can be gained or lost during evolution in different lineages independently. For example, wings of birds and wings of bats do the same function (help in flying) but they were not there in the ancestors so both animals developed these structures independently.
In the given example, birds and mammals have four-chambered heart but their ancestors have 3 chamber hearts. They evolved independently and developed 4 chamber heart. This might be due to several reasons. However, their ancestors didn't have the feature so it is an example of homoplasy.
Answer:
inhibits translation
Explanation:
Bacteriostatic macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its main active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process that inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with the translocation of amino acids during translation and protein assembly.
The bacteriostatic effect consists in producing the inhibition of bacterial growth; Meanwhile, immunogenesis is expected to provide the necessary defensive elements for disease control. Therefore, these antimicrobials should not be indicated to the immunocompromised patient. They act in the stationary phase of bacterial growth.
Some antibiotics have a bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect depending on whether the drug acts in vivo or in vitro, and depending on the dose administered. For example, Amphotericin B, has fungistatic effect in vivo and fungicide in vitro; Streptomycin and erythromycin have bactericidal effect when administered at high doses and bacteriostatic effect if administered at low doses.
Answer:
The inheritance pattern of these traits will be independent. However, it will depend on the factor that which trait is dominant or recessive. It might also show incomplete dominance.
The different genotypes that organisms of this population might have are aa, ab, ac, bb, bc , cc. If neither of the alleles are completely dominant over the other, then incomplete dominance might exist for such genes.
ANSWER:
Cytokines, Chemokines, Leukocytes, Neutrophils, Macrophages, and Dendritic cells are all involved
EXPLANATION:
On the incidence of Streptococcus, the immune system activates a complex response that relies basically on the instatement and activation of macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells.
These activities will only occur on the activation of innate immune responses through workout between pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) with streptococcus derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
Moreso, cytokines and chemokines (well known are IL-1β and CXCL1 respectively) produced by macrophages and dendritic cells on exposure to Streptococcus, elicits neutrophil.
Neutrophils then produces antimicrobial proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sometimes neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), all these for the bacterial infection control.
