Answer:
Structural components of RNA nucleotide monomer includes the following a nitrogen base(adenine/guanine/cytosine/uracil)
, A ribose sugar(with 2’-OH group present) and Three phosphate groups.
The role of the RNA POL is for transcribing DNA to RNA
Explanation:
Solution
(1) Structural components of RNA nucleotide monomer are:
a. A nitrogen base(adenine/guanine/cytosine/uracil)
b. A ribose sugar(with 2’-OH group present)
c. Three phosphate groups
Role of RNA POL- RNA pol is the principle enzyme for transcribing DNA to RNA. Bacteria has a single RNAP , while eukaryotes have 3 RNAP(plants have additional 2 polymerases).RNAP catalyses the joining of two ribonucleotides one with another by using nucleophilic attack mecvhanism using the 2 metal ions present in the active site of the RNA pol. The two nucleotides added over the template strand are complementary to it. The RNA pol does this job in 5 to 3 direction
(2) The dependent variable in the experiments is the- Maximum elongation rate the control group in the second experiment is the WILD STRAIN.
Use of control group- Control group consists of individual (here the wild type RNAP) that will show a known result under a particular experimental condition(amanitin treatment). This known response is used as a reference to access the response in a experimental group both qualitatively and quantitatively.
(3). Effect of amanitin-
For wild type- the maximum elongation rate decreased, since the Amanitin binds to the active site of the enzyme. So naturally the maximum elongation rate decreased.
For Mutant- The maximum elongation rate also decreased , but it appears the rate is little more than the wild type. This may be due to the particular amino acid substitution that countered the effect of Amanitin and gave the following result.
The ratio is= 1:6
(
4). The null hypothesis for experiment 1: The maximum elongation rate of the experimental strain will not change due to the amino acid substitution.
Reasoning- The shape of a protein is greatly determined by its amino acid sequence. Even a single amino acid change can cause a big change. So have done the said single amino acid substitution. Since the substitution was in the active site of the enzyme(which is involved in catalyzing the elongation process), so the mutant have definitely caused a change in the shape, that has caused to a reduction in the maximum elongation rate of the enzyme.
