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2 years ago

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Jack measured 1 amp as the total current in a certain circuit when he applied 20 volts to the circuit. When he applied 60 volts,

he got a measurement of 3 amps. Write a linear equation describing the relation between voltage and current, and calculate the total current when 50 volts are applied to the circuit.

1 answer:

Natali5045456 [20]2 years ago

3 0

Answer:

The linear equation is V - IR =0

The total current is 2.5 amps

Step-by-step explanation:

According to ohms law, the voltage (V) applied is directly proportional to current (I)

Therefore, V = IR

V - IR = 0 (R is resistance)

When V = 20, I = 1

The 1st equation is 20 - R = 0

When V = 60, I = 3

The 2nd equation is 60 - 3R = 0

From the 1st equation, R = 20

Substiting R = 20, V = 50 into the linear relation V - IR = 0

50 - 20I = 0

50 = 20I

I = 50/20 = 2.5 amps

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A 400 gallon tank initially contains 100 gal of brine containing 50 pounds of salt. Brine containing 1 pound of salt per gallon

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Answer:

The amount of salt in the tank when it is full of brine is 393.75 pounds.

Step-by-step explanation:

This is a mixing problem. In these problems we will start with a substance that is dissolved in a liquid. Liquid will be entering and leaving a holding tank. The liquid entering the tank may or may not contain more of the substance dissolved in it. Liquid leaving the tank will of course contain the substance dissolved in it. If Q(t) gives the amount of the substance dissolved in the liquid in the tank at any time t we want to develop a differential equation that, when solved, will give us an expression for Q(t).

The main equation that we’ll be using to model this situation is:

Rate of change of <em>Q(t)</em> = Rate at which <em>Q(t)</em> enters the tank – Rate at which <em>Q(t)</em> exits the tank

where,

Rate at which Q(t) enters the tank = (flow rate of liquid entering) x

(concentration of substance in liquid entering)

Rate at which Q(t) exits the tank = (flow rate of liquid exiting) x

(concentration of substance in liquid exiting)

Let y<em>(t)</em> be the amount of salt (in pounds) in the tank at time <em>t</em> (in seconds). Then we can represent the situation with the below picture.

Then the differential equation we’re after is

$\frac{dy}{dt} = (Rate \:in)- (Rate \:out)\\\\\frac{dy}{dt} = 5 \:\frac{gal}{s} \cdot 1 \:\frac{pound}{gal}-3 \:\frac{gal}{s}\cdot \frac{y(t)}{V(t)} \:\frac{pound}{gal}\\\\\frac{dy}{dt} =5\:\frac{pound}{s}-3 \frac{y(t)}{V(t)} \:\frac{pound}{s}$

$V(t)$ is the volume of brine in the tank at time <em>t. </em>To find it we know that at time 0 there were 100 gallons, 5 gallons are added and 3 are drained, and the net increase is 2 gallons per second. So,

$V(t)=100 + 2t$

We can then write the initial value problem:

$\frac{dy}{dt} =5-\frac{3y}{100+2t} , \quad y(0)=50$

We have a linear differential equation. A first-order linear differential equation is one that can be put into the form

$\frac{dy}{dx}+P(x)y =Q(x)$

where <em>P</em> and <em>Q</em> are continuous functions on a given interval.

In our case, we have that

$\frac{dy}{dt}+\frac{3y}{100+2t} =5 , \quad y(0)=50$

The solution process for a first order linear differential equation is as follows.

Step 1: Find the integrating factor, $\mu \left( x \right)$ , using $\mu \left( x \right) = \,{{\bf{e}}^{\int{{P\left( x \right)\,dx}}}$

$\mu \left( t \right) = \,{{e}}^{\int{{\frac{3}{100+2t}\,dt}}}\\\int \frac{3}{100+2t}dt=\frac{3}{2}\ln \left|100+2t\right|\\\\\mu \left( t \right) =e^{\frac{3}{2}\ln \left|100+2t\right|}\\\\\mu \left( t \right) =(100+2t)^{\frac{3}{2}$

Step 2: Multiply everything in the differential equation by $\mu \left( x \right)$ and verify that the left side becomes the product rule $\left( {\mu \left( t \right)y\left( t \right)} \right)'$ and write it as such.

$\frac{dy}{dt}\cdot \left(100+2t\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}+\frac{3y}{100+2t}\cdot \left(100+2t\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}=5 \left(100+2t\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}\\\\\frac{dy}{dt}\cdot \left(100+2t\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}+3y\cdot \left(100+2t\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}=5 \left(100+2t\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}\\\\\frac{dy}{dt}(y \left(100+2t\right)^{\frac{3}{2}})=5\left(100+2t\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}$

Step 3: Integrate both sides.

$\int \frac{dy}{dt}(y \left(100+2t\right)^{\frac{3}{2}})dt=\int 5\left(100+2t\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}dt\\\\y \left(100+2t\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}=(100+2t)^{\frac{5}{2} }+ C$

Step 4: Find the value of the constant and solve for the solution y(t).

$50 \left(100+2(0)\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}=(100+2(0))^{\frac{5}{2} }+ C\\\\100000+C=50000\\\\C=-50000$

$y \left(100+2t\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}=(100+2t)^{\frac{5}{2} }-50000\\\\y(t)=100+2t-\frac{50000}{\left(100+2t\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Now, the tank is full of brine when:

$V(t) = 400\\100+2t=400\\t=150$

The amount of salt in the tank when it is full of brine is

$y(150)=100+2(150)-\frac{50000}{\left(100+2(150)\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}}\\\\y(150)=393.75$

6 0

2 years ago