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The answer is:
D. describing women who are more influential than their male counterparts
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The correct answer is C. He opened the field of literary criticism.
Apart from being a poet and a writer during the Romantic era of American literature, Edgar Allan Poe was also a critic. As a matter of fact, while he was alive, he wasn't really famous or celebrated as an author, but rather as a critic. Only after his death did people start appreciating his art, but it was too late - he died poor.
Answer: C. A Muslim Ruler with absolute power would be called a "Sultan".