<span>A simplified main program used to test functions is called <u><em>formula</em></u>
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Answer: Between Layers 2 and 3
Explanation:
 In between Layer 2 and Layer 3 the MPLS header is present and is known as Shim header. It is also said to be in 2.5. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
- limitation and control of network ports, protocols and services.
- Continuous vulnerability assessment and remediation.
Explanation:
The TCP or transmission control protocol is a layer 4 protocol (transport), that reliably transports packets in sequential segments to an application in the destination computer, using the ip address and the port number of the application.
The ICMP sent during the TCP/ip activities, can render the network vulnerable to attacks. limitation and control of the network ports, protocols and services and continuous assessment would mitigate the vulnerability of the TCP/ip model. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
The answer is the Quick Access Toolbar. However, it is not only for saving files or undoing your work. Containing a set of commands that are independent, this toolbar is actually customizable wherein you could change these icons to the ones you really need and frequently use. By tweaking the settings, you can even add commands to the Quick Access Toolbar that are not in the ribbon (like New, Open and Print).
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
See explaination 
Explanation:
StackExample.java
public class StackExample<T> {
private final static int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 100;
 
private int top;
private T[] stack = (T[])(new Object[DEFAULT_CAPACITY]);
/**
* Returns a reference to the element at the top of this stack.
* The element is not removed from the stack.
* atreturn element on top of stack
* atthrows EmptyCollectionException if stack is empty
*/
public T peek() throws EmptyCollectionException
{
if (isEmpty())
throw new EmptyCollectionException("stack");
return stack[top-1];
}
/**
* Returns true if this stack is empty and false otherwise.
* atreturn true if this stack is empty
*/
public boolean isEmpty()
{
return top < 0;
}
}
//please replace "at" with the at symbol
Note:
peek() method will always pick the first element from stack. While calling peek() method when stack is empty then it will throw stack underflow error. Since peek() method will always look for first element ffrom stack there is no chance for overflow of stack. So overflow error checking is not required. In above program we handled underflow error in peek() method by checking whether stack is an empty or not.