Answer:
At least 17 PCR cycles or 16 PCR cycles
Explanation:
As we know -
In one chain of heating and cooling of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the strands of DNA gets doubled.
The general mathematical representation of this is
where "n" is the number of PCR cycles.
It is given that DNA strands to be produced is 16 times the original quantity of DNA.
So the PCR cycle must be carried out at least 17 times in order to have DNA strand not less than 16 times the original quantity of DNA
The correct answer is that "<span>RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, which precedes the gene only on the template strand of DNA."
A gene is best described as </span>a chain<span> of DNA or RNA which codes for a molecule that has a </span>characteristic<span>. </span>for the duration of<span> gene expression, the DNA is first duplicated into RNA. The RNA </span>can be immediately practical<span> or be the intermediate template for a protein that </span>plays<span> a </span>characteristic<span>. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is </span>the idea<span> of the inheritance of phenotypic </span>traits<span>.</span>
When cells reach their size limitations one of two things will happen: they will either stop growing and split into two separate cells. Cell division can be both good and bad.
The pair of magnets and a pair of water molecules are most likely similar. It is because the pair of magnets connects positive to negative and negative to positive, which is also similar to water molecules where they also connect to positive to negative.
Answer: Individuals with a high concentration of cysteine in their urine, show symptoms of cystinuria.
Explanation:
Cystinuria is an hereditary and rare disease in which stones of an amino acid called cystine form mostly in the kidney but also in the ureter and bladder. This is a dimeric amino acid which is formed by two cysteine molecules linked by a disulfide bond. L-cysteine is a non-essential sulfuric amino acid found in a wide variety of foods, some of which are proteins. <u>This condition is passed from parents to children so it is hereditary, the person must inherit the defective gene from both parents. </u>
Cystinuria is caused when there is a high concentration of cystine in the urine. Normally, most cystine dissolves, enters the kidneys and returns to the bloodstream. <u>However, people with cystinuria have the genetic defect that interferes with this process. </u>This condition is due to a defective transport of cystine in the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelium and proximal renal tubule. The result is an absence of cystine reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule producing an excess of cystine in urine and with the consequent formation of kidney stones. Cystine stones are very difficult to remove by lithotripsy unlike the rest of the stones. Therefore, a non-invasive therapy should be carried out to prevent the recurrence of stone formation. This therapy would be based on a high intake of liquids, alkalization of urine, and use of chelating agents. In order to preserve kidney function, a combination of these three therapeutic measures is necessary to reduce both the recurrence and the morbidity of the disease.
