Answer:
Answer is C.
Explanation:
For A and B, a base substitution affects one of the three bases that comprise a codon, the DNA/RNA unit that corresponds to a particular amino acid. If one base is substituted, one codon and therefore one amino acid will be affected. Codons have built-in redundancy, so even by changing one base, the new codon sometimes still corresponds to the same amino acid. Therefore, a base substitution at most affects one amino acid, and sometimes doesn't affect it all.
Frameshift mutations cause a lot more trouble. These occur when you have a deletion or insertion that changes the number of bases in your gene. As a result, the "frame" of the codons changes (everything shifts one way or the other by the number of bases added/removed). This affects EVERY codon downstream of the mutation, so you can imagine that such a mutation would have a bigger effect the closer to the start of the gene it occurs. This is why C is correct.
Answer:
a) Frequency of the R allele: [(396 x 2) + 257] / (396 x 2) + (257 x 2) + (557 x 2) = 1049 / 2420 = 0.433
b) Frequency of the r allele: [(557 x 2) + 257] / (396 x 2) + (257 x 2) + (557 x 2) = 1371 / 2420 = 0.567
c) Frequency of the R allele: [(196 x 2) + 257] / (196 x 2) + (257 x 2) + (557 x 2) = 649 / 2020 = 0.321
d) Frequency of the r allele: [(557 x 2) + 257] / (196 x 2) + (257 x 2) + (557 x 2) = 1371 / 2020 = 0.679
e) migration is gene flow
Explanation:
Gene flow (also referred to as gene migration) is the movement of genes that acts to change allele frequencies in local populations by transferring genetic material from one population to another. Gene flow may be caused either by the movement of organisms that reproduce in new populations (migration), or by the movement of gametes (for example, pollen dispersal in plants).
The teacher would be well advised to help students encode information about the cell using both visual and verbal forms. This is because, multiple forms of encoding increases the probability of easy retrieval. Encoding in this case involves converting the names of the cell organelles to forms that can easily be remembered.
Answer:
The two types of lipoproteins are low density lipoprotein and high density lipoproteins
Explanation: As applying to low density lipoproteins (LDL), these are sometimes called the bad cholesterol because a high LDL level leads to a build up of cholesterol in the arteries. This condition narrows the arteries and increases the risk of heart attack, Strom and peripheral artery diseases.
High Density Lipoproteins (HDL), also known as the good cholesterol acts as a scavenger carrying LDL away from the arteries and back to the liver where the LDL is break down and passed from the body.
